A2Z -->> Special 26 -->> Miscellaneous -- >> Episode 1
Amartya Sen
- made contributions to welfare economics, social choice theory, economic and
social justice, economic theories of famines, and indexes of the measure
of well-being of citizens of developing countries
- was awarded the Nobel Memorial
Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998.
- was awarded with Bharat Ratna 'the highest civilian award in India' by the President of India in 1999
- currently the Thomas W. Lamont
University Professor and Professor of Economics and
Philosophy at Harvard University.
- first Indian and the first Asian academic to head
an Oxbridge college.
- also serves as the first Chancellor of the proposed Nalanda International University.
BCG Vaccine
- a vaccine against tuberculosis given to a new born baby
- BCG vaccine can be anywhere from 0 to 80% effective in
preventing tuberculosis for a duration of 15 years.
- India introduced BCG mass immunization in 1948
- A national TB
control project was launched in 1962.
- In 2012,
India’s golden jubilee year of TB control, the World Health Organization
(WHO) named India the worst performer among developing nations, with 17
per cent of the global population carrying 26 per cent of the global TB
burden.
Contraceptive
- methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy
- most effective methods of birth control are sterilization by means
of vasectomy in males
and tubal ligation in females, intrauterine
devices (IUDs) and implantable contraceptives.
- a number of hormonal
contraceptives including oral pills, patches,vaginal rings, and injections.
- Less effective methods include barriers such as condoms, diaphragms and contraceptive
sponge andfertility awareness methods.
- least effective methods are spermicides and withdrawal by the male before
ejaculation.
- Sterilization, while highly effective, is not usually
reversible; all other methods are reversible, most immediately upon
stopping them
Dilip Sardesai
- was a former IndianTest
cricketer.
- was the only Goa-born cricketer to play for India, and was often regarded as India's
best batsman against spin bowling
- Goa Governement gives award in the name of 'Dilip
Sardesai Award' to the sportsperson from Goa in his honour.
Earth Summit
- United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio
Summit, Rio Conference, and Earth Summit
- was a major United Nations conference held
in Rio de Janeiro from 3 June to 14 June 1992.
Earth Summit resulted in
the following documents:
·
·
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
·
Agenda 21
·
Forest Principles
Moreover, important legally
binding agreements were opened for signature:
·
Convention on Biological Diversity
·
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
·
United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertification
Fotua/Sola and Eri Chaddar
· Traditional wear of the men
of Assam are dhuties manufactured at the mills and a shirt known as sola or
fotua with an eri-chaddar.
· While in the villages the
rich men wear headgear.
· In the paddy fields they wear
japi, a type of hat.
Green Card
- A
Permanent Resident Card/Green Card refers to a US identity card that
provides a national of another country the privilege to live and work in
America.
- A
Permanent Resident Card holder is permitted to experience all the
privileges of a US citizen, with the exception of the right to vote and
the right to submit an application for federal jobs.
- It
guarantees a faster and easier conversion into American citizenship.
- When
a green
card holder reaches 5 years without any known legal
setbacks, he is then qualified to apply for naturalization or citizenship.
Harish Hande
- is an Indian social entrepreneur, who co-founded SELCO India in 1995.
- SELCO India is a social enterprise that provides
sustainable energy services to the poor in India.
- He was awarded with Asia's prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award for
2011, also sometimes referred to as Asia's Nobel Prize,
- for “his pragmatic efforts to put solar power technology
in the hands of the poor, through his social enterprise SELCO India”
Ibrahim Keita
- President of Mali since -- 2013
Jaoquin Guzman Loera
- Mexican drug lord who heads the Sinaloa Cartel, a criminal organization named after the Mexican
Pacific coast state of Sinaloa where it was initially formed. Known as "El
Chapo Guzmán"
- Guzmán is wanted by the governments of Mexico and the
United States and by INTERPOL
Kirobo
- Japan's first robot astronaut, developed by Tomotaka Takahashi, to
accompany Koichi Wakata, the first Japanese commander of the International Space Station.
- arrived on the ISS on August 10th 2013
- The robot's capabilities include voice and speech
recognition, natural language processing, speech synthesis and
telecommunications, as well as facial
recognition and video recording.
- Kirobo is specially designed to navigate zero-gravity
environments and will assist Commander Wakata in various experiments.
- Its main goal is to see how well robots and humans can
interact, hopefully leading the way to robots taking more active roles in
assisting astronauts on missions
Liebig's method
- developed a method of
analyzing the amounts of carbon and hydrogen present in organic compounds.
Mekhela (Assam traditional
wear)
- Mekhela
is the long skirt and the upper apparel is known as riha.
- Graceful
and intricate red colored designs at the end of riha makes it very
attractive.
- Most
of the tribal women wear variations of mekhala and chadar.
- During
Bihu the Assamese women wear their traditional dress made of muga
silk.
- The
state is world famous for muga silk which is often called the golden
silk.
North Atlantic Drift
- is a powerful warm ocean current that continues the Gulf Stream northeast.
- West of Continental
Europe it splits into two major
branches.
- One branch goes southeast, later to become the Canary Current as it
passes northwest Africa and
turns southwest.
- The other major branch continues north along the coast
of northwestern Europe. It is thought to have a considerable warming influence
on the climate, although a
minority have disputed this.
- Other branches include the Irminger Current and
the Norwegian Current.
- Driven by the global thermohaline
circulation (THC), the North Atlantic
Current is also oftenconsidered part of the wind-driven Gulf Stream which goes further
east and north from the North American coast, across the Atlantic and into the Arctic Ocean.
Oxalic Acid
- Oxalic acid is
an organic compound It is a colorless crystalline solid that
dissolves in water to give colorless solutions.
- Oxalic acid's main applications include cleaning or
bleaching, especially for the removal of rust (iron complexing agent),
e.g. Bar Keepers Friend is an example of a household cleaner containing
oxalic acid. Its utility in rust removal agents is due to its forming a
stable, water soluble salt with ferric iron, ferrioxalate ion.
- Oxalic acid is an important reagent in lanthanide chemistry.
- Vaporized oxalic acid, or a 3.2% solution of oxalic acid in sugar syrup, is used by some beekeepers as a miticide against the parasitic varroa mite. Oxalic acid is rubbed onto completed marble sculptures to seal the surface and introduce a shine
Rajat Gupta
- Indian businessman and philanthropist
who was the Managing Director (chief executive) of management consultancy McKinsey & Company from
1994 to 2003.
- Gupta was convicted in June 2012 on insider trading charges
of four criminal felony counts of conspiracy and securities fraud.
- He was sentenced in October 2012 to two years in prison,
an additional year on supervised release and ordered to pay $5 million in
fines.In May 2013 he remained free on appeal
Sutlej River
- sometimes known as the Red River.easternmost tributary of the Indus River
- source is Lake Rakshastal in Tibet.
- Shipki La pass, entering India in Himachal Pradesh state.
- The waters of the Sutlej are allocated to India under
the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan, and are mostly diverted
to irrigation canals in India.
- There are several major hydroelectric projects on the
Sutlej, including the 1,000 MW Bhakra Dam, the 1,000
MW Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant, and the 1,530 MW Nathpa Jhakri Dam.
- There has been a proposal to build a 214-kilometre
(133 mi) long heavy freight canal, known as the Sutlej-Yamuna Link (SYL),in
India to connect the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers.
- However, the proposal has met with obstacles and
has been referred to the Supreme Court of
India.
Toda tribe (T.N.)
- small pastoral community who live on the isolated Nilgiri plateau of
Southern India.
- Before the 18th century, the Toda coexisted locally with
other communities, including the Kota, and Kuruba, in a loose caste-like community organisation in which the Toda were the
top ranking.
- The Toda population has hovered in the range 700 to 900
during the last century.
- They traditionally trade dairy products with
their Nilgiri neighbour people.
- Toda religion centres on the buffalo; consequently, rituals are performed
for all dairy activities as well as for the ordination of
dairymen-priests.
- The religious and funerary rites provide the social context in which complex poetic
songs about the cult of the buffalo are composed and chanted
- During the last quarter of the 20th century, some
Toda pasture land was lost due to agriculture by outsiders or afforestation by the State Government of Tamil Nadu.
- This has threatened to undermine Toda culture by greatly
diminishing the buffalo herds; however during the last decade both Toda
society and culture have also become the focus of an international effort
at culturally sensitive environmental restoration.
- The Toda lands are now a part of The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO-designated International Biosphere Reserve and is under consideration by the UNESCO World
Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage
Site.
United Nations Day
- 24 October
Victor-Meyer Apparatus
- is the standard laboratory method for determining
the molecular weight of a volatile liquid.
- In this method, a known mass of a volatile solid
or liquid under examination is converted into its vapour form by heating
in a Victor Meyer's tube.
- The vapour displaces its own volume of air. The volume
of air displaced at experimental temperature and pressure is
calculated.
- Then volume of air displaced atStandard Temperature and Pressure is calculated. Using this, mass of air displaced
at 2.24x10-2m3 of vapor at STP is
calculated.
- This value represents the molecular mass of the
substance.
World Development Report
- The World Development Report (WDR) is
an annual report published since 1978 by the World Bank.
- Each WDR provides in-depth analysis of a specific aspect
of economic development.
- Past reports have considered such topics as agriculture,
youth, equity, public services delivery, the role of the state, transition economies, labour,
infrastructure,health, the
environment, and poverty.
- The reports are the Bank's best-known contribution to
thinking about development.
- The World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security, and
Development looked at conflict as a
challenge to economic development.
Xaxa Committee
- a
high level committee on Saturday to prepare a position paper on the
current socio-economic, health and educational status of tribals that will
also “suggest policy initiatives as well as effective outcome-oriented
measures to improve development indicators and strengthen public service
delivery to STs.”
- The
committee is expected to submit its findings and recommendations in nine
months, ahead of next year’s general elections.
- The
country’s tribal population of 8.6 per cent is concentrated in the
north-east, particularly in Nagaland, Mizoram, Meghalaya and Arunachal
Pradesh, and in those parts of the country now over run by Maoists —
Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and parts of Bihar and
Maharashtra.
Chairing the committee
will be tribal expert and eminent sociologist Virginius Xaxa, who was recently
appointed a member of Sonia Gandhi’s National Advisory Council. Dr Xaxa,
currently teaching at Delhi University, is the author of State, Society
and Tribes: Issues in Post-Colonial India (2008) and the seminal
article “Tribes as Indigenous People of India,” considered essential reading
for an understanding of India’s tribal communities.
- The others are
Usha Ramanathan, Joseph Bara, K.K. Misra, Abhay Bang and Sunila Basant,
all of whom are familiar with the problems of tribals, coming as they do
from diverse backgrounds — law, history, anthropology, medicine and
administration.
The committee is expected to focus on how tribal communities
have been affected by involuntary displacement and enforced migration; whether
rapid urbanisation has shrunk their original habitats, and which new avenues of
employment and livelihood are available to them. It is also expected to map their
asset base and income levels, changes in the patterns of ownership and
productivity of their immovable assets, the role public policy and the legal
framework in facilitating/inhibiting such changes, the level of their
socio-economic development, their relative share of public and private sector
employment, and what steps have been taken by States/UTs for capacity building
and improving their employability.
Access to education, health services
It will examine whether tribal people have adequate access to
education and health services, municipal infrastructure, bank credit, and other
services provided by the government/public sector entities; and the level of
social infrastructure (schools, health centres, ICDS centres etc.) located in
areas of tribal concentration in comparison to the general level of such
infrastructure in various States. Finally, the committee will look at whether
protective legislation such as the Prevention of Atrocities Act, Panchayats
(Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, the Forest Rights Act and the Food Security
Ordinance, etc are being implemented effectively.
Yamuna Expressway
- formerly known as Taj Expressway, is a
6-lane (extendable to 8 lanes), 165 km long, controlled-access expressway,
connecting Greater Noida with Agra in the Uttar Pradesh
- expressway starts from Greater Noida and ends
on NH 2towards Kanpur and Agra.
- Yamuna Expressway project was implemented by Jaypee Group.
- The UP government had proposed a Taj International
Aviation Hub (TIAH) with a greenfield airport at Jewar, which is at a distance of about
70 km from the Indira Gandhi International Airport.
- The new airport will, tentatively, come up between Agra
and Mathura.
Zollverein
- The Zollverein, or German
Customs Union, was a coalition of German states formed to manage tariffs and
economic policies within their territories.
- Organised by the 1833 Zollverein
Treaties, the Zollverein formally came into existence on 1 January
1834.
- However, its foundations had been in
development from 1818 with the creation of a variety of custom unions
among the German states.
- By 1866, the Zollverein included most of the
German states.
- The foundation of the Zollverein was the
first instance in history in which independent states had consummated a
full economic union without the simultaneous creation of a political
federation or union.
- Prussia was the prime
motivating force behind the creation of the customs union.
- Austria was excluded from
the Zollverein because of its highly protected industry; this economic
exclusion exacerbated the Austro-Prussian rivalry for dominance in Central Europe,
particularly in the 1850s and 1860s.
- After the founding of the German Empire in
1871, the Empire assumed the control of the customs union.